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Why do seawater batteries consume more energy than desalination batteries?

The energy consumption of the seawater battery system is relatively high compared with desalination batteries based on the intercalation materials or redox electrolytes (Table 2); this could be due to the high overpotential of the seawater battery system and the high resistance of NASICON membrane.

How long does a battery last?

The amount of time storage can discharge at its power capacity before exhausting its battery energy storage capacity. For example, a battery with 1MW of power capacity and 6MWh of usable energy capacity will have a storage duration of six hours. Depth of Discharge (DoD) expresses the total amount of capacity that has been used.

How do seawater batteries work?

Conventional seawater batteries enable the storage of electrochemical energy by combining a sodiation/desodiation anode and an electrolysis cathode. This concept mandates an open-cell architecture to be able to constantly supply fresh seawater as the catholyte during the charge–discharge process.

Can seawater batteries be used for energy storage?

The use of seawater batteries exceeds the application for energy storage. The electrochemical immobilization of ions intrinsic to the operation of seawater batteries is also an effective mechanism for direct seawater desalination.

How much energy does a seawater battery use?

The energy consumption of seawater batteries must also be considered when assessing its application potential. The energy consumption of seawater batteries desalination depends on the amount of removed salt. The removal of 9% of all salt ions corresponded with an energy consumption of 4.7 kWh m −3.

Do battery storage providers really need a lot of capacity?

Battery storage providers usually tend to want a lot of capacity over a short period of time rather than lower capacity over a large time period. The majority of large-scale batteries are be able to provide power for 30-90 minutes now. There are a number ways batteries can participate in the energy market to help us to balance the grid:

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