The safety valve is an important component to ensure the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the effect of safety valve type on the thermal runaway (TR) and gas venting behavior of LIBs, as well as the TR hazard severity of LIBs, are not known.
(a) The battery with oval safety valve; (b) the battery with round safety valve; (c) the battery with cavity safety valve; (d) error analysis of the expansion force. Similarly, the safety valve type had a large influence on the gas venting behavior of the batteries.
The cavity safety valve of Sample battery 3 # has a top cap, which impedes the instantaneous venting behavior and leads to a higher maximum expansion force during TR. Fig. 5. The expansion force and gas pressure variations of the LFP batteries with three types of safety valves.
According to the manufacturer, the safety venting pressure of all three batteries was 1.2 MPa. The maximum expansion force of the three batteries was 9.63 ± 1.15, 8.53 ± 0.28 and 7.95 ± 0.45 kN, respectively, which revealed that the expansion behaviors of three batteries were severe before the safety venting.
The safety valve types affected the gas venting whirl of the LFP battery. For the LFP battery with an oval safety valve during TR, the gas venting whirl was less intense and not obvious. However, the gas venting whirl was the most distinct for the LFP battery with a round safety valve.
(a) The battery with oval safety valve; (b) the battery with round safety valve; (c) the battery with cavity safety valve; (d) error analysis of mass loss and mass loss rate. Conversely, the total mass loss and mass loss rate of the LFP battery with cavity safety valve were the smallest among three batteries, affected by the safety valve types.
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