In this example we'll consider a ceramic capacitor of 2.2uf (2.2x10-6 farads) with a typical minimum insulation resistance of 2GW. If a capacitor is tested at 200V and measures a dielectric leakage current of 10nA the insulation resistance must be 20GW.
When a capacitor with high insulation resistance is attached to the measurement terminals of the typical high resistance meter, the user may notice some very strange behavior of the instrument. Resistance readings will fluctuate widely in continuous mode, and never settle down.
The third failure mode is a reduction of the insulation resistance, which is the parallel resistance of the capacitor. A decrease in insulation resistance leads to an increase in current leakage from one electrode to the other. This phenomenon is present at low frequency.
"real" capacitor consists of an ideal capacitor in parallel with its insulation resistance. This ideal capacitor has infinite resistance at DC. As frequency goes up, however, its reactance decreases according to: where f is the frequency in hertz, and C is the capacitance in farads.
If a capacitor is tested at 200V and measures a dielectric leakage current of 10nA the insulation resistance must be 20GW. For 10nA the instrument would be on the 100nA full-scale range with a feedback resistor of 20MW. In this case the gain of the detector is 20MW/20GW, or .001. The output voltage would then be [(.001) · (200V)], or 200mV.
If the unknown is a capacitor, however, things get a little more complex. "real" capacitor consists of an ideal capacitor in parallel with its insulation resistance. This ideal capacitor has infinite resistance at DC. As frequency goes up, however, its reactance decreases according to:
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with absorption has been developed to assess the insulation resistance of capacitors. Standard measurements of the insulation resistance, contrary to the measurements based on Vabs, are …
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