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On the other hand, considering the energy use, the concept of a green base station system is proposed, which uses renewable energy or hybrid power to provide energy for the base station system, allowing energy flow between base stations and smart grid , , , .
The energy storage batteries are the main resource of FR in the base station in this paper. Energy storage batteries are dispatched to realize the auxiliary FR of the power system by changing the energy supply mode of the base station.
The power consumption of micro base station is mainly basic power consumption. It does not change significantly with the traffic load, and because the micro base station is in the active or dormant state, the power consumption of the k -th micro base station as in Equation (7).
Although the power output of a single base station storage is limited, the combined regulation of large-scale base stations can have a significant meaning. Therefore, the base station energy storage can be used as FR resources and maintain the stability of the power system.
3) The base station sleep mechanism could reduce the power consumption of the base station, while meeting the communication coverage requirements. There was a strong correlation between the charging and discharging behavior of the base station energy storage and the time-of-use electricity price curve.
A micro-base station covers small space and consumes little energy. On the contrary, a macro-base station consumes more energy and covers wider space than micro-base station. Therefore, macro-base station has a greater FR potential, and this paper focuses primarily on the macro-base station. The base station below refers to macro-base station.
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